Elements in group 18 of the periodic table – the “noble gases”, tend not to form ions due to the arrangement of their electrons which makes them generally unreactive.
When an atom with only a small number of electrons in its valence shell forms an ion, it loses the electrons from its valence shell to form a positively charged ion, a cation, with the same electronic configuration as the preceding Noble gas (Group 18 element) in the Periodic Table.
Moving from the far left to the right on the periodic table, main group elements tend to form cations with a charge equal to the group number. That is, group 1 elements form 1 ions; group 2 elements form 2 ions, and so on.
If an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positive ion known as a cation, which has fewer electrons than protons and thus has a positive charge. Atoms do this so that they can have a full outer shell of electrons and be more energy stable.
To put it another way, elements on the left side of the periodic table tend to form cations, while those on the right side form anions. Noble gases are the exception.
Group 17 elements form 1 ions. Group 18 elements form none. One of the things you should really notice in this listing is that Metals form Positive ions and Non metals form negative ions. Another thing you should immediately notice is that we skipped over the Transition Metal groups in our listings.
Moving from the far left to the right on the periodic table, main group elements tend to form cations with a charge equal to the group number. That is, group 1 elements form 1 ions; group 2 elements form 2 ions, and so on.
This particle is now an ion, a charged particle, as a result of the imbalance between the number of positively charged protons ( 20) and negatively charged electrons (–18) that it possesses.
Recall that atoms carrying positive or negative charges are called ions. If an atom has gained one or more electrons, it is negatively charged and is called an anion. If an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is positively charged and is called a cation.
Groups 3 11 are termed transition elements. Transition elements are those whose atoms have an incomplete d subshell or whose cations have an incomplete d subshell.
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