A Activity diagram used in UML 6/9 and SysML B Bachman diagram Booch used in software engineering Block diagram Block Definition Diagram BDD used in SysML C Carroll diagram Cartogram Catalytic cycle Chemical equation Curly arrow diagram Category theory diagrams Cause-and-effect diagram Chord diagram Circuit diagram Class diagram from UML 1/9 Collaboration diagram from UML 2.0 Communication diagram from UML 2.0 Commutative diagram Comparison diagram Component diagram from UML 3/9 Composite structure diagram from UML 2.0 Concept map Constellation diagram Context diagram Control flow diagram Contour diagram Cordier diagram Cross functional flowchart D Data model diagram Data flow diagram Data structure diagram Dendrogram Dependency diagram Deployment diagram from UML 9/9 Dot and cross diagram Double bubble map used in education Drakon-chart E Entity-Relationship diagram ERD Event-driven process chain Euler diagram Eye diagram a diagram of a received telecommunications signal Express-G Extended Functional Flow Block Diagram EFFBD F Family tree Feynman diagram Flow chart Flow process chart Flow diagram Fusion diagram Free body diagram G Gantt chart shows the timing of tasks or activities used in project management Grotrian diagram Goodman diagram shows the fatigue data example: for a wind turbine blades H Hasse diagram HIPO diagram I Internal Block Diagram IBD used in SysML IDEF0 IDEF1 entity relations Interaction overview diagram from UML Ishikawa diagram J Jackson diagram K Karnaugh map Kinematic diagram L Ladder diagram Line of balance Link grammar diagram M Martin ERD Message Sequence Chart Mind map used for learning, brainstorming, memory, visual thinking and problem solving Minkowski spacetime diagram Molecular orbital diagram N N2 Nassi Shneiderman diagram or structogram a representation for structured programming Nomogram Network diagram O Object diagram from UML 2/9 Organigram Onion diagram also known as "stacked Venn diagram" P Package diagram from UML 4/9 and SysML Parametric diagram from SysML PERT Petri net shows the structure of a distributed system as a directed bipartite graph with annotations Phylogenetic tree - represents a phylogeny evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms Piping and instrumentation diagram P&ID Phase diagram used to present solid/liquid/gas information Plant Diagram Pressure volume diagram used to analyse engines Pourbaix diagram Process flow diagram or PFD used in chemical engineering Program structure diagram R Radar chart Radial Diagram Requirement Diagram Used in SysML Rich Picture R-diagram Routing diagram S Sankey diagram represents material, energy or cost flows with quantity proportional arrows in a process network. Sentence diagram represents the grammatical structure of a natural language sentence. Sequence diagram from UML 8/9 and SysML SDL/GR diagram Specification and Description Language. SDL is a formal language used in computer science. Smith chart Spider chart Spray diagram SSADM Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology used in software engineering Star chart/Celestial sphere State diagram are used for state machines in software engineering from UML 7/9 Swim lane Syntax diagram used in software engineering to represent a context-free grammar Systems Biology Graphical Notation a graphical notation used in diagrams of biochemical and cellular processes studied in Systems biology System context diagram System structure Systematic layout planning T Timing Diagram: Digital Timing Diagram Timing Diagram: UML 2.0 TQM Diagram Treemap U UML diagram Unified Modeling Language used in software engineering Use case diagram from UML 5/9 and SysML V Value Stream Mapping Venn diagram Voronoi diagram W Warnier-Orr Williot diagram Y Yourdon-Coad see Edward Yourdon, used in software engineering
一些RNA是由RNA复制酶（RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶）以RNA为模板催化合成的。 比方说，RNA病毒通过RNA复制酶复制其遗传物质。 另外，RNA复制酶亦参与了众多生物体的RNA干涉过程 [6]。
RNA化学结构，5`端，3`端及五碳糖1号碳位置均标出 从三级结构上来说，DNA为双螺旋结构，RNA根据功能不同有多种结构。如tRNA的三叶草型，mRNA的单链等等，大多RNA都为单链结构。
非编码RNA是指不直接参与蛋白质合成的RNA，它们在细胞内具有调控基因表达、稳定基因组、调控细胞周期功能。 非编码RNA可分为非编码大RNA和非编码小RNA。 (1)非编码大RNA 非编码大RNA包括核糖体RNA (rRNA)和长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)。
标准 的RNA电泳图，条带是2 3条（这样说可能不是太严谨），提取RNA的质量比较好应该是主要看见的是两条带。从上到下依次是28s，18s和5s。其中主要以28s和18s为主，且前者条带的亮度和宽度大概是后者的2倍。5s主要是降解的部分（如下图）。
这些RNA酶抑制剂大多本身也有抗氧化功能（或者说是本身具有还原功能），能够减少RNA被氧化降解的可能、直接增加RNA的稳定性。 除了氧化，另一种RNA损伤叫做烷基化损伤 比如甲基化 这种修饰会将烷基基团添加到RNA碱基的环氮原子或氧原子上。
那么RNA呢？ 从汉语名称来看，都应该知道， 脱氧之后就变成了DNA。 但是，RNA和DNA在组成上的主要差别是：①RNA的糖分子是核糖，DNA的是脱氧核糖，②四种碱基中有一种不同。
随着二代测序的发展，对全基因组RNA不同 转录本 的识别已经变得越来越容易，根据不同的实验目的结合 二代测序 技术来研究RNA结合事件的技术被不断开发出来。 在下文我们将分成RNA Protein\RNA RNA\RNA DNA三部分来介绍该领域的最新进展。 一、RNA Protein研究 1.
优点：操作简单，提取时间短。 缺点：在RNA提取过程中，产生较高含量的多酚类杂质，且所提取的植物总RNA无法进行反转录实验。 3.试剂盒法 利用盐酸胍裂解样本，抑制RNase的活性；β 巯基乙醇变性蛋白，通过离心柱上的吸附膜，特异性吸附RNA。
RNA有哪些种类？ 功能分别是怎样的？ 各位好，我想知道近年来研究的有多少种RNA，它们有什么样的功能，或者可不可以告诉我在检索框里输入什么才能在知网找到我想看的文献，我输入RNA的种类和功… 显示全部 关注者 8 被浏览
RNA引物由RNase H1和MF 1核酸酶水解，然后由DNA聚合酶ε填补缺口，DNA连接酶 I将冈崎片段相连接。 这里特别补充空隙填补时的问题。 无论什么时候DNA的延长都得需要3'末端，填补时当然也需要。 此时的末端不是由RNA提供，而是由DNA提供。
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