A Activity diagram used in UML 6/9 and SysML B Bachman diagram Booch used in software engineering Block diagram Block Definition Diagram BDD used in SysML C Carroll diagram Cartogram Catalytic cycle Chemical equation Curly arrow diagram Category theory diagrams Cause-and-effect diagram Chord diagram Circuit diagram Class diagram from UML 1/9 Collaboration diagram from UML 2.0 Communication diagram from UML 2.0 Commutative diagram Comparison diagram Component diagram from UML 3/9 Composite structure diagram from UML 2.0 Concept map Constellation diagram Context diagram Control flow diagram Contour diagram Cordier diagram Cross functional flowchart D Data model diagram Data flow diagram Data structure diagram Dendrogram Dependency diagram Deployment diagram from UML 9/9 Dot and cross diagram Double bubble map used in education Drakon-chart E Entity-Relationship diagram ERD Event-driven process chain Euler diagram Eye diagram a diagram of a received telecommunications signal Express-G Extended Functional Flow Block Diagram EFFBD F Family tree Feynman diagram Flow chart Flow process chart Flow diagram Fusion diagram Free body diagram G Gantt chart shows the timing of tasks or activities used in project management Grotrian diagram Goodman diagram shows the fatigue data example: for a wind turbine blades H Hasse diagram HIPO diagram I Internal Block Diagram IBD used in SysML IDEF0 IDEF1 entity relations Interaction overview diagram from UML Ishikawa diagram J Jackson diagram K Karnaugh map Kinematic diagram L Ladder diagram Line of balance Link grammar diagram M Martin ERD Message Sequence Chart Mind map used for learning, brainstorming, memory, visual thinking and problem solving Minkowski spacetime diagram Molecular orbital diagram N N2 Nassi Shneiderman diagram or structogram a representation for structured programming Nomogram Network diagram O Object diagram from UML 2/9 Organigram Onion diagram also known as "stacked Venn diagram" P Package diagram from UML 4/9 and SysML Parametric diagram from SysML PERT Petri net shows the structure of a distributed system as a directed bipartite graph with annotations Phylogenetic tree - represents a phylogeny evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms Piping and instrumentation diagram P&ID Phase diagram used to present solid/liquid/gas information Plant Diagram Pressure volume diagram used to analyse engines Pourbaix diagram Process flow diagram or PFD used in chemical engineering Program structure diagram R Radar chart Radial Diagram Requirement Diagram Used in SysML Rich Picture R-diagram Routing diagram S Sankey diagram represents material, energy or cost flows with quantity proportional arrows in a process network. Sentence diagram represents the grammatical structure of a natural language sentence. Sequence diagram from UML 8/9 and SysML SDL/GR diagram Specification and Description Language. SDL is a formal language used in computer science. Smith chart Spider chart Spray diagram SSADM Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology used in software engineering Star chart/Celestial sphere State diagram are used for state machines in software engineering from UML 7/9 Swim lane Syntax diagram used in software engineering to represent a context-free grammar Systems Biology Graphical Notation a graphical notation used in diagrams of biochemical and cellular processes studied in Systems biology System context diagram System structure Systematic layout planning T Timing Diagram: Digital Timing Diagram Timing Diagram: UML 2.0 TQM Diagram Treemap U UML diagram Unified Modeling Language used in software engineering Use case diagram from UML 5/9 and SysML V Value Stream Mapping Venn diagram Voronoi diagram W Warnier-Orr Williot diagram Y Yourdon-Coad see Edward Yourdon, used in software engineering
传统研究多聚焦于单一菌群或代谢产物的作用，忽视了微生物间相互作用及其代谢竞争在疾病进展中的潜在调控功能。 Palmatine（PAL） 是中药黄柏中的主要活性成分，具有抗炎活性，但其对UC的作用机制尚不明确。
PAl是苯丙烷类代谢途径的关键酶，也是合成术质素的关键酶。 木质素的形成，可以增加细胞壁的厚度，增加组织术质化程度，形成病原菌入侵的机械屏障，烟草受TMV漫染]，棉花受枯萎病菌侵染，小麦受白粉菌侵染后，随着PAL活性的提高，均出现木质素的积累。
鉴于其在苯丙素类生物合成途径中的重要性，苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）引起了越来越多的关注。 在本研究中，采用cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）PCR方法，克隆了来自五味子（S. chinensis）的三个PAL基因的全长cDNA序列。
植物的次级代谢有多条途 径，苯丙烷类代谢途径是其中很重要的一条。 苯丙烷类途径生成的黄酮、异黄酮、生物碱等次 生代谢产物在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要的作用，所以PAL对植物的生理意义非常重大。 1.1
Palmatine (PAL) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that has been widely used in the pharmaceutical field. The current study aimed to investigate the function of PAL in improving hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet (HFD) in rats.
本研究针对溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)肠上皮屏障损伤的治疗难题，揭示了天然异喹啉生物碱Palmatine (PAL)通过靶向糖酵解酶ENO3，改善肠上皮细胞屏障功能和抑制炎症的新机制。
本文综述了植物PAL的存在与分布、分子结构、酶学性质和作用机制,应用酶学和分子生物学知识阐述了其表达调控机理,并在基因水平上对PAL 的分子生物学研究进行了展望,旨在为今后PAL在植物抗病应用上提供基础数据。
随着分子生物学尤其是基因测序技术的不断发展,更多不同来源的PAL、C4H、4CL基因序列将被克隆和测序,通过分别与已知基因序列的比较分析,能够从分子水平上揭示它们的结构特点,从而为更好的改造这些基因,改变它们的表达活性提供更多的基础资料。
The natural bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid palmatine (PAL), which is extracted from one of the herbs (Coptis chinensis) of the anti AS formular, is of particular interest due to its pharmacological properties.
巴马汀 (PAL) 是一种异喹啉生物碱，来源于 Fibraureae caulis 皮埃尔已被用于缓解溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 等炎症性疾病。 PAL 的代谢物被认为对其杰出的生物活性有重大贡献。 8 Oxypalmatine (OPAL) 是一种肝脏介导的 PAL 氧化代谢物，已在本工作中首次被发现。
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